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KA210-VET - Small-scale partnerships in vocational education and training

AURALIZE

Innovative Course in Room Acoustics and Auralization for Sound Professionals

Project No. 2024-1-IT01-KA210-VET-000245142

The AURALIZE project offers innovative vocational training in acoustics to a wide array of attendees working in disciplines such as architecture, theatre, music, music composition, sound engineering, acoustics and applied acoustics, media technology, and computer science, game industry, app development, web audio, interactive arts, and immersive technologies.

This course provides hands-on experience, which is the best and most direct way to learn the theory of acoustics and use it in creative sonic thinking and practice. Attendees also learn to use and understand novel and specialist equipment such as the 64-microphone array and other spatial microphones. Attendees learn and understand the creation of source-and-listener positions in spatial audio and how to scientifically document the positions of the microphones and loudspeakers. They learn safety measurements and various practical aspects, such as communicating during work and protecting their ears.

Theatres, require sonic thinking that needs a basic understanding of acoustics. Often, professionals may have been trained in related disciplines but do not have experience in room acoustics. Even in training courses where students focus on acoustics and applied acoustics, practical knowledge is limited for students to learn through shadowing and assisting professionals who work in applied acoustics. We solve this by providing hands-on experience of the complete working process, with in-depth discussions. By documenting and sharing each theatre experience with the other half of the students, we also broadened their horizons to compare how the two theatres differ and gained multi-faceted cultural insights from the theatres and each other. For some attendees, especially younger students, it will be an opportunity also to communicate professionally in a language other than their mother tongue and step into a multicultural, multi-age group learning experience.

We get to study a Croatian theatre of great historical importance and, in turn, compare its unique acoustical properties to similar-sized Italian theatres, which does not only benefit us, though. The theatre will benefit significantly from the conducted studies and practical results. They can share resources, expand networks, and nourish awareness for professionals and students in related fields.

The case studies focus on theatres, requiring sonic thinking that needs a basic understanding of acoustics. Often, professionals may have been trained in related disciplines but do not have experience in room acoustics.

It is crucial to nurture sophisticated sonic thinking and creativity for future innovation, conservation, and improved quality of digital and physical aspects of life.

Finanziato dall'Unione europea. Le opinioni espresse appartengono tuttavia al solo o ai soli autori e non riflettono necessariamente le opinioni dell'Unione Europea o dell’ Istituto Nazionale per l'Analisi delle Politiche Pubbliche (INAPP). Né l'Unione europea né l'amministrazione erogatrice possono esserne ritenute responsabili.

Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the National Institute for Public Policy Analysis (INAPP). Neither the European Union nor INAPP can be held responsible for them.

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AURALIZE Curriculum

The **AURALIZE course** provides an innovative and hands-on introduction to **room acoustics and auralization**, designed for professionals and students in acoustics, sound engineering, architecture, theatre, music, and immersive technologies. It combines theoretical understanding with real-world fieldwork in acoustically significant venues.

The curriculum consists of two main components: **theoretical foundations**, delivered through lectures on the history, principles, and methods of acoustics and auralization; and **practical fieldwork**, where participants conduct in-situ acoustic measurements in theatres in Zagreb and Faenza. These sessions develop both technical and analytical skills while fostering collaboration across disciplines and countries.

Course outcomes included **oral and poster presentations** and **published research papers** presented at the **I3DA 2025 Conference in Bologna**, demonstrating the applied and collaborative achievements of the participants.

The course consists of a theoretical lectures (A1-A5); practical sessions(B) and creative labs (C).

Lectures

Practical Work

B1 & B2 Theatre measurements in Zagreb and Faenza.

Participants will be introduced to equipment, reasons for source-listener positions, creating floor plans and documenting acoustic measurements, running analysis, and interpreting data. Acoustic problems and viable solutions will be discussed, as well as each theatre's characteristics, affordances, and further creative uses of captured data. Work in each theatre will be filmed and documented, including the discussions, work process, and results to be streamed to the course attendees from the other country. The practical work sessions will conclude with an online discussion of all attendees.

Theatres measured include:

Part C: Creative Labs will occur in studios in Zagreb and Bologna.

Download Full Curriculum (PDF)
Download Course Materials (PDF)

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Theoretical Lectures:

Lecture A1: Historical Overview of Acoustics

Prof Lamberto Tronchin gave a public lecture to provide a historical overview and importance of acoustics as intangible heritage. This lecture was be held online on 21 March 2025 from 10:00-12:00. Register here.

Watch Lecture A1: Historical Overview of Acoustics on YouTube

Download Lecture A1 Slides (PDF)

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Lecture A2: Fundamentals of Room Acoustics

Prof. Kristian Jambrošić covered the fundamentals of room acoustics on 14 April in Zagreb.

Watch Lecture A2: Fundamentals of Room Acoustics on Youtube

Download Lecture A2 Slides (PDF)

Download Lecture A2 Handout (PDF)

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Lecture A3: Equipment and Methods of Recording

Prof. Ing. Lamberto Tronchin demonstrated equipment and methods of recording acoustic measurements, analysis, and interpretation in person in Zagreb on 14 April. This lecture includes both theoretical discussions and a creative lab practical hands-on training with equipment calibration and familiarization.

Watch Lecture A3 Part 1: Equipment and Methods of Recording on Youtube

This theoretical lecture introduces the fundamental concept of impulse response measurement in room acoustics. Professor Tronchin explains that rooms must be treated as linear and time-invariant systems, meaning their acoustic behavior remains constant during measurement and responds predictably to sound input. The impulse response captures everything about a room's acoustic properties - when recorded, it contains complete information about reflections, reverberation, and spatial characteristics that can be used to virtually recreate the room's sound. The lecture covers various measurement methods, from simple techniques like hand clapping, clapping machines, balloons, and pistol shots (historical methods), to the modern standard: the exponential sine sweep method. This sophisticated technique involves playing a sweep signal (typically 15 seconds, ranging from 40Hz to 20kHz), recording the output through multiple microphones, and then using mathematical deconvolution with an inverse filter to extract the impulse response. The exponential sweep method, developed by Professor Farina around 2000, provides superior results by separating room acoustics from equipment nonlinearities, ensuring measurements reflect only the room's properties rather than microphone or speaker characteristics.

Watch Lecture A3 Part 2 Creative Lab: Equipment and Methods of Recording on Youtube

This practical lecture/creative lab, demonstrates the complete setup and measurement process for acoustic analysis in a room. Professor Tronchin meticulously shows students how to mount and connect multiple recording systems: a 64-channel array, an ambisonic microphone (Sennheiser MKH 100), a binaural dummy head, and a standard omnidirectional microphone for ISO-standard measurements. The equipment connects through a Zoom F8 recorder for analog signals and via Dante protocol for the array, with all positioning carefully calibrated to avoid shadowing effects and maintain proper directional alignment toward the sound source. The measurement process involves playing an exponential sine sweep (15 seconds from 40Hz to 20kHz) through a loudspeaker, recording the output through all microphones simultaneously, then using deconvolution with an inverse filter to calculate impulse responses that contain complete acoustic information about the room. From these impulse responses, various acoustic parameters can be extracted including reverberation time (T10, T20, T30), clarity (C50, C80), and other metrics defined in ISO 3382 standards, with the demonstrated room showing a short reverberation time of approximately 0.4 seconds and high clarity values suitable for speech.

Download Lecture A3 Slides (PDF)

Download Creative Lab 1 Handout (PDF)

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Lecture A4: Virtual Acoustics Production Workflow

Prof. Marko Horvat delved into virtual acoustics, production workflows, and software in the Studio (Room 242) on 5 May 2025 from 11:00. The session included comparisons of stereo dipole and ambisonics in headphones.

Watch Lecture A4: Virtual Acoustics Production Workflow on Youtube

This comprehensive lecture explores modern sound systems and spatial audio production techniques, from basic mono and stereo to advanced 3D audio formats. Professor Horvat explains fundamental concepts including stereo recording techniques (coincident pairs using intensity differences, spaced pairs using time-of-arrival, and near-coincident techniques), the unique MS (mid-side) stereo system that encodes directional information requiring decoding for playback, and surround sound formats like 5.1 and Dolby Atmos with height channels. The lecture progresses through Vector Base Amplitude Panning (VBAP) for 3D source placement using triangular loudspeaker configurations, binaural hearing principles including interaural level and time differences, and head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) that enable accurate sound localization. Significant attention is given to Ambisonics, a spherical harmonic-based system that encodes 3D sound fields (starting from first-order with one omnidirectional and three figure-of-eight components, extending to higher orders for greater spatial resolution) and requires specialized microphones. The lecture concludes with cross-talk cancellation for binaural reproduction over loudspeakers and wavefield synthesis, which uses arrays of closely-spaced loudspeakers to create virtual sound sources with large listening areas, demonstrating the evolution from simple stereo imaging to sophisticated immersive audio environments.

Download Lecture A4 Slides (PDF)

Download Lecture A4 Handout (PDF)

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Lecture A5: Multi-disciplinary Uses of Virtual Acoustics

Dr. Cobi van Tonder explored multi-disciplinary uses of virtual acoustics, focusing on cultural heritage, sonic archaeology, simulations, sound design and more. This lecture was held in the Studio (Room 242) in the afternoon of 5 May 2025.

Watch Lecture A5: Multi-disciplinary Uses of Virtual Acoustics on Youtube

This lecture explores fundamental concepts of sonic space (echo, reverberation, resonance), Alvin Lucier's "I Am Sitting in a Room" demonstrating recursive room resonance, sonic archaeology and archaeoacoustics at ancient sites (Chavín de Huántar, Hypogeum, Stonehenge), use of resonant frequencies in ritualistic contexts, case studies including the Hagia Sophia Byzantine chant project, Ambrose Field's vocal compositions and Chauvet Cave VR, the Acoustic Atlas browser-based platform for interactive auralization, underwater recordings, Mars rover data and creative applications, and impulse responses as acoustic "filters" with historical and poetic meaning.

Watch Lecture A5b/Creative Lab: Auralization Workflow in Reaper on Youtube

This hands-on demonstration which also formed part of the Creative labs, walks through the complete auralization workflow in Reaper DAW for creating immersive spatial audio. Dr. van Tonder showed how to set up multi-channel tracks (Reaper supports up to 128 channels), convert mono/stereo sources to B-format (first-order ambisonics with four channels: W, X, Y, Z) using the Ambix encoder plugin, route signals through a reverb track containing the MCFX convolver loaded with impulse responses from caves, temples, and other spaces, and decode to either binaural output for headphones or quad speaker arrays using the IEM decoder. The tutorial demonstrated creative experimentation using non-traditional sounds like Doppler effects and ocean recordings as convolution kernels to create unique textures, balancing dry and wet signals, switching between acoustic spaces to compare characteristics, and managing preset folders for impulse responses. Practical techniques included proper channel routing, format conversions (FUMA to ACN/SN3D), and understanding how B-format recordings enable three degrees of freedom for head-tracked immersive experiences in artistic composition, film sound design, and interactive media.

Download Lecture A5 Slides (PDF)

Download Creative Lab 2 Handout (PDF)

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Practical Sessions

B1: Listening sessions in studios in Croatia and Italy where participants listen to auralizations.

B2: Theatre measurements in Zagreb and Faenza, involving local theatre staff and creating floor plans, documenting acoustic measurements, and discussing each theatre's characteristics.

Download Information about the Theatres we studied (PDF)

Download the theatre impulse responses (WAV)

Watch the measurements in action!

▶ Click here to watch the theatre measurement video on YouTube

Vatroslav Lisinski Small Concert Hall

15 April: Acoustic measurements were taken in the Vatroslav Lisinski Concert Hall from 9:00-12:30 in the small concert hall.

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Vatroslav Lisinski Large Concert Hall

15 April: Acoustic measurements were taken in the Vatroslav Lisinski Concert Hall from 12:30-18:00 in the large concert hall.

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National Theatre of Zagreb

15 April: Acoustic measurements were taken from 23:00-5:00 at the National Theatre of Zagreb (Croatia).

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Teatro Masini in Faenza

29-30 April: Acoustic measurements were taken at the Teatro Masini in Faenza (Italy) in Bologna/Faenza.

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Creative Labs

Part C of the AURALIZE course consisted of hands-on creative labs where participants applied theoretical knowledge to practical auralization workflows in studios in Zagreb and Bologna.

Creative Lab 1: Equipment Setup and Measurement

14 April 2025 (Zagreb, 2.5h practical): Prof. Ing. Lamberto Tronchin - in person in Zagreb.

Watch Creative Lab 1: Equipment and Methods of Recording on Youtube

This practical creative lab demonstrated the complete setup and measurement process for acoustic analysis in a room. Professor Tronchin meticulously showed students how to mount and connect multiple recording systems: a 64-channel array, an ambisonic microphone (Sennheiser MKH 100), a binaural dummy head, and a standard omnidirectional microphone for ISO-standard measurements. The equipment connected through a Zoom F8 recorder for analog signals and via Dante protocol for the array, with all positioning carefully calibrated to avoid shadowing effects and maintain proper directional alignment toward the sound source. The measurement process involved playing an exponential sine sweep (15 seconds from 40Hz to 20kHz) through a loudspeaker, recording the output through all microphones simultaneously, then using deconvolution with an inverse filter to calculate impulse responses that contained complete acoustic information about the room. From these impulse responses, various acoustic parameters were extracted including reverberation time (T10, T20, T30), clarity (C50, C80), and other metrics defined in ISO 3382 standards, with the demonstrated room showing a short reverberation time of approximately 0.4 seconds and high clarity values suitable for speech.

Download Creative Lab 1 Handout (PDF)

Creative Lab 2: Auralization Workflow in Reaper

5 May 2025 (Zagreb, afternoon session): Dr. Cobi van Tonder - in person in Zagreb.

Watch Creative Lab 2: Auralization Workflow in Reaper on Youtube

This hands-on creative lab walked through the complete auralization workflow in Reaper DAW for creating immersive spatial audio. Dr. van Tonder showed how to set up multi-channel tracks (Reaper supports up to 128 channels), convert mono/stereo sources to B-format (first-order ambisonics with four channels: W, X, Y, Z) using the Ambix encoder plugin, route signals through a reverb track containing the MCFX convolver loaded with impulse responses from caves, temples, and other spaces, and decode to either binaural output for headphones or quad speaker arrays using the IEM decoder. The tutorial demonstrated creative experimentation using non-traditional sounds like Doppler effects and ocean recordings as convolution kernels to create unique textures, balancing dry and wet signals, switching between acoustic spaces to compare characteristics, and managing preset folders for impulse responses. Practical techniques included proper channel routing, format conversions (FUMA to ACN/SN3D), and understanding how B-format recordings enable three degrees of freedom for head-tracked immersive experiences in artistic composition, film sound design, and interactive media.

Download Creative Lab 2 Handout (PDF)

Download Reaper Auralization Example Folder 325MB (ZIP)

Download key points of theatre acoustic findings (PDF)

Download I3DA POSTER: Zagreb Large Lisinski Hall (PDF)

Download I3DA POSTER: Zagreb Small Concert Hall (PDF)

Download I3DA POSTER: Zagreb National Theater (PDF)

Download I3DA POSTER: Teatro Masini (PDF)

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Times and Locations

21 March 2025 (10:00-12:00): Prof Lamberto Tronchin - ONLINE - Lecture A1: Historical Overview of Acoustics. Register here.

14 April (Zagreb Day, 2h): Prof. Kristian Jambrošić - in person in Zagreb. Lecture A2: Fundamentals of room acoustics.

14 April (Zagreb Day, 2h lecture + 2.5h practical): Prof. Ing. Lamberto Tronchin - in person in Zagreb. Lecture A3: Equipment and methods of recording acoustic measurements, analysis, and interpretation. This lecture can perhaps be half theoretical and half with the actual equipment - calibrating, familiarising the day before the measurements.

15 April: All - in person at Vatroslav Lisinski Concert Hall. Acoustic measurements in Zagreb. 9:00-12:30 small and 12:30-18:00 large concert hall. Additional session 23:00-5:00 at the National Theatre of Zagreb (Croatia).

29-30 April: All, in person - at Teatro Masini in Faenza (Italy). Acoustic measurements in Bologna/Faenza.

5 May 2025 (Zagreb, 11:00-16:30): Prof. Marko Horvat - in person during the second Zagreb meetup. Lecture A4: Virtual acoustics, production workflow, and software. Stereo dipole compare with ambisonics in headphones.

5 May 2025 (Zagreb, 2-3h): Dr. Cobi van Tonder - in person in Zagreb. Lecture A5: Multi-disciplinary uses of virtual acoustics (cultural heritage, sonic archaeology, simulations, theatre planning, sound design for games, media, XR, etc.).

10-12 September 2025: Presentations of papers at I3DA2025

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Final Event - I3DA Conference Presentations and Meeting

The AURALIZE project culminated in the presentation of project outcomes, research papers, and posters at the **International Conference on 3D Audio (I3DA 2025)**, held in Bologna, Italy, from **September 10-12, 2025**. This event served as the final project meeting and a platform for disseminating the practical and theoretical results of the course, showcasing the work on room acoustics and auralization performed by the partners and attendees.

Final Event Photo a - I3DA Conference Presentations Final Event Photo b - I3DA Conference Presentations
Final Event Photo 1 - I3DA Conference Presentations Final Event Photo 2 - I3DA Conference Presentations
Final Event Photo 3 - I3DA Meeting Final Event Photo 4 - I3DA Meeting
Final Event Photo 5 - I3DA Meeting Final Event Photo 6 - I3DA Meeting
Final Event Photo 7 - I3DA Meeting Final Event Photo 8 - I3DA Meeting
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Team

Consorzio Futuro in Ricerca - CFR:

Management:

Lecturers:

University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing (UNIZG-FER):

Lecturers:

First Partner Meeting - Online (February 28, 2025)

First Partner Meeting - Online

Second Partner Meeting - Zagreb (May 6, 2025)

Second Partner Meeting - Zagreb

Third Partner Meeting - Bologna (September 12, 2025)

Third Partner Meeting - Bologna
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